Machine for making cases for books



29, 1931. w, sTlNMANN 1,838,464

MCHXNEl FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jan. 9, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 1Dec. 29, 1931. w. sTElNMANN 1,838,464

I MACHINE FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jn. 9, 192e 5 `srljefzs-sheet2 505` F95 511 Zay @D ff ,i n' @f 131 155 ,i

Dec. 29, 1931. w. s1':-:i|\JM/m-1l\lv MACHINE FOR MAKING CASESlFOR BOOKS5 sheets-Sheet 3 Dec'. 29, 1931. w.4sTE|NMANN 1,838,464

MACHINE FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jan. 9, 1928 5 Shee'ts-Sheet 4Dec. 29, 1931. W. STEINMANN 1,838,464

MACHINE FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jan. 9, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 5559 VEN TUR.

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l@ margins of the boards. In the manufacture Patented Dec. 29, 1931PATENT oFFicE WALTER STEINMANN, orfivnwanmnnw annSnissIGNoR 'ro UNiTEnstron MA- CHINERY coaronarroiv, or JERSEY PATE-BSCN, NEW JERSEY,` ACORPORATIDN -OF NEVT MACHINE* For;l Martine cAsEsIr-,on BooksApplication filed January 9, L1928. `Serial No.24r5,7539.

This invention relates to machines for making cases for books and isherein illustrated as embodied in a machine'which is particularlyadapted to the manufacture of flexible cases. Y Y

Cases for books commonly comprise la cover of flexible material, such ascloth, paper or leather, and two boards, the margin' of the cover beingfolded over lul'aon'they adjacent of these cases, a-cover is first.coated with glue or othersuitable adhesive, `two boards replaced uponthe cover in proper position, and then the margin of the cover isfoldedoverf the `adjacent edges'of the boards and pressed into place. Thegreat majority of book cases have boards which vare thick and stiff; andwhen such a book case isV being made, the margin of the cover may bereadily folded over the boards, ,sincev the stiff, strong edgesof theboards deine-theline of fold and are not kliable to be crumpled or`otherwise bent during the foldingV operation. When, however, boards areused which are thin and flexible, provision should be' madeforipreventing crumpling or bendingof their edges during the time thatthe margin of the cover is being folded over them.

`According to one feature ofthe present invention, there is provided aswinging folder for folding the marginof the work over the body portionthereof, and a member for holding the body portion -of ithe work `downupon a worksupport, the construction being such that the holddownVmember is moved progressively, during the folding operation, in adirection to carry it out of the path of movement of the folder.V In'theillustrated construction the'folder is normally upright, theassembled cover andboards being-pushed down past it soI that a margin ofthecover `is bent np against the operative face of theffolder. Theholddown, which as willpresently be explained is carried by a`picker-head, atthis time engages the margin of the board. As the folderis swung to bend the margin'of the cover over the board, the folderpresently engagesthe holddown and pushesit progres- Rively `from-beneath the margin of the Vcover `as the margin is being folded.`Afswinging` folder, as contrasted with the usual reciproeating folder,has'much less tendencyto bend Vmachine/four folders arranged so astofold the four sides or edges of the'book case two at a time, andaplural-ity of holddoivnscooperating with these folders.

In 'the' use of machineso-f the general type of the one illustrated, thecover is first `coated with Vglue and placed adjacent to the foldingmechanism, and then a feeder or 'pickerhead takes two boards from asource of supply, places them upon the glue-coated cover, pushes theboards and cover into the field of action of the folding mechanism andremains n" in contact with the work during the folding operation.` Thenthick, stift boards are used `it has been customary Vto pile them in twostacks, and to'fed the two lowermost boards of the stacks into aposition to be seized by the picker-head; but such a procedure would bevobviously `impractical when lthin, flexible boards are to be used. j

With this inview and according to another feature of the presentinvention, each ofthe tWo boards is taken from theitop of a stack by theillustrated'pickereheada lifter being lprovided to bend up the marginof` each board and thus tc ensure that only one board ata time shall betaken from a stack, Vmeans being provided for moving Vthe holddown,which as'has been indicatedV is carried "by thepicker-'head, into aposition to -permit it to passby the lifter when the picker-'headdescends upon thestack. lIn :the illustrated construction the' boardsare arrangedin two Een stacks, therebeing'. a; lifter for each stack iand each of the liftersbeingin the forinof a sucker which engages onemargin of each board in the corresponding stack and bends it up. thesaine locality in which two 'of'the :holddowns would strike the vsuckerswhen the m5 These suckers engage'the boardsfin downs engage the `boardsduring the fold- Ving operation, .and consequently the hold :non

picker-head descends upon the stacks unless provision were made formoving them at the proper time. In the illustrated machine the holddownsare pivoted to the pickerhead, are swung out of the way of the suckerswhen the picker-head descends upon the stacks, and are swung intooperative position again when the picker-head rises.

These and other features of the invention, including certain details ofconstruction and combinations of parts will be described as embodied inan illustrated machine and pointed out in the appended claims.

Fig. 1 is a perspective of a machine in which the present invention isembodied;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing more particularly the mechanism forremoving a board from the top of a stack;

Fig. 3 is a perspective of the holder for the stacks o-f boards;

Fig. 4 is a perspective of the picker-head and part of the foldingmechanism;

Figs. 5 and 6 are details in section showing a folder and aco-operating` holddown in two different positions;

Fig. 7 is a perspective of the folding mechamsm;

Fig. 8 is a perspective of one of the folders and the bar upon which itis mounted;

Fig. 9 is a view from beneath of a part of the same folder and bar whichare shown in Fig. 8

Fig. 10 is a view principally in section of the mechanism for pressingthe folded book cases and ejecting them from the machine; and

Fig. 11 (Sheet 2) is an elevation showing a sucker and the adjacentblower.

The illustrated machine in many respects is the same as the machinedescribed in United States Letters Patent No. 580,111 granted April G,1897 upon an application filed in the name of Jacobs. Referring to Fig.1, the machine comprises a mutilated cylinder 21 upon which the cover ofa bool; case is placed and by which it is carried into `contact with aglue roll (not shown) to apply glue. to certain portions of the cover.The operator stands at the right-hand end of the machine, as viewed inFig. 1, and places the forward edge of the cover against the down-turnedends of gage fingers 23 with a side edge of the cover in contact with agage finger 25. The cylinder 21 is given complete rotationsintermittently; and it .is in a pause between rotations that the edge ofa cover is placed against the gage lingers. During a rotation of thecylinder, the forward edge ofthe cover is pressed against it by lingers24 which operate first lto engage the cover so that the cover is carriedaround by the cylinder and then to release the cover at the end of therotation. Then, immediately, he edge of the cover, which has thus beencoated with glue, is 'seized by the grippers 27 of a horizontallyreciprocable transferrer slide 29. rthis slide is fast at one end to acord 31 and at the other to a cord 32, and is actuated by the pairs ofpulleys 33, which are caused to rotate first in one drection and then inthe other at the proper times, the cords being fast to the pulleys.

During the first half of the reciprocation of the slide 29, the cover,which was seized by the grippers 27, is brought into position over acover support in the form of a platform 35 and released so as to remainupon said platform, the upper face of which of substantially the samesize that of the finished book case and is thus somewhat smaller thanthe unfolded cover. The last half of the reciprocation of the slide 29to return said slide to initial position does ,not take place untilafter the cover has been folded.

The platform, which is adjustable as to length and width to provide fordifferent sizes of book cases, is located in a rectangular openingbounded by four bars 37, .39, 41 and 43, the bars 39, 41 and 43 beingadjustable so as to vary, when desired, the size of the opening. Thisplatform is movable verti cally in a manner presently to be described.The bars 37 and 39 are at one level and the bars 41 and 43 at a lowerlevel. Each of these bars carries a folding element, and these elementsare operated in pairs in such manner that the folding elements of thebars 37, 39 operate first to fold the top and bottom margins of thecoverand then, when the partly folded case has been lowered to the field ofaction of the folding elements of the bars 41, 43, the folding elementsof those bars fold the side margins of the cover.

At the time when the glue-coated cover is delivered by the transferrerslide 29 upon the platform 35, the top of the platform is nearly iiushwith the tops of the bars 37, 39, so that the top and the bottom marginsof the cover rest respectively upon the bar 37 and the bar ,39. Afterthe glue-coated cover has been placed upon the platform 35 with its topand bottom margins overlying respectively the bars 37 and 39, two boardsare placed upon it.

These boards 100 are taken, two at a time, f

from a locality at the rear of the machinethe left-hand end as viewed inFig. 1-by a suction picker-head 45 carried by an arm 47 fast to theupper end of a shaft 49, said shaft liu being raised and lowered as wellas rotated degrees first in one direction and then in the oppositedirection at the proper times by mechanism not shown. In order to ensurethat the picker-head shall descend accurately into its two downpositions, two upright stationary studs 46 are adapted to enter holes inthe outer ends of arms 43 which are rigid with the picker-head arm 47and the shaft 49. The picker-head is provided on its lower operativeface with suction cups, not shown,

s'i tailed description.:

which are operated by' an air pump and suitable valves, also not shown,through the shaft 49, the arm47 and flexible tubesO, the shaft and armhaving suitable air passages formed therein.

`Assuming that the shaft 49 is in itsdown position at the rear of themachine with the picker-head engaging two boards V100, the shaft israised until the cross-armslS are above the studs 46, is then swungthrough 180 degrees so that the holes in the cross arms i8 are again inregister with the studs, and is then lowered to press the two boards 100down upon the glue-coated cover which rests upon the platform 35. Thepicker-head and the platform are then moved farther down until the topand bottom margins of the cover are bent up vertically and the workhasbeen lowered into the field of operation ofthe top and bottom foldingelements carried bythe. bars 37, 39. These folding elements are thenoperated to fold the top and bottom margins of the cover, and then thework is moved still farther down into position to havethe side marginsof the vcover folded. Thereafter the folded case is pushed sidewise byan ejector 5l to a pressing device, indicated as a whole at 53, and fromthis device is fed out of the machine. The picker-head rises, swings 180degrees and picks up another pair of boards. Meanwhile the transferrerslide 29 returns to receive another glued cover, andthe operations,which have been described above, are' repeated.

BrieflyV then, the operator stands in front of the cylinder 21 and,during a pause in the rotation of the cylinder, places a cover againstthe gages 23. The Vcover Vis first carried around by the cylinder toreceive a coat of glue and is then deposited Vby the transferrer slide29 upon the platform 35 which then occupies its uppermost position.Immediately the picker-headdescends to press two boards upon theglue-coated cover.;V and then the 1 boards and cover are moved downfirst into position to have the topvand the bottom margins of the Vcoverfolded over the boards. The picker-head is raised slightly toY permitthe platform 35 to rise under spring'pressure Y `and press these top andbottom folds against the under sides of 4the folding element-s.

iifterthe top and bottom margins have thus been folded, the work iscarried down by the picker-head and the platform. into the field Vofoperation of the folding elements which are carried by the bars ill, 43,whereupon the side margins arefolded and the folds pressed. Thereafterthe folded case is presented to the pressing device 53 and then fed outof the machine. i The machine as thus far described is substantially thesame as that disclosed in the Letters Patent referred to, referencebeing made to those'Letters Patent for a deare carried by the end bars83,

' Machines like that disclosed in said Letters Patent have been usedhitherto to assemble andrfold book cases, the boards of which arecomparatively thick and stiff, while the present invention provides amachine of this type whichV is adapted to assemble and fold bookcases,the boards of which arethin and flexible. In general, the machine`herein illustrated differs from the patented `machine in 'hat there areprovided mechanisms different from those of the patented machine forhandling the boards, for folding the margins and for pressing the foldedcases.`

Referring now more particularly toFigs. 2

and-3, two stacks of boards, each board being .plain`ed, by a pawl 7l.

The two stacks of boards are enclosed in two skeleton magazines, theplate 6l serving as a common bottom for both of them. Inasmuch as thetwo magazines arepractically alike, onlyl one of them will be describedin detail. Referring to Fig. 3, the magazine nearest to theobserver hasend walls formed respectively by twoupright bars 81 and two upright bars83, and side walls formed respectively by two upright bars 85 and twoupright bars 87, all of these bars having inturned lower ends which areadjustably fastened to a stationary plate 88. Adjustably fastened'to thetops of the bars 85 are abutments 89 and the bars 87 are provided withlike abutments 89. These abutments, together with an abutment 91 on oneof the end bars 81, restupon the top of the stack and thereby cause theupper boardto buckle somewhat when theboard is lifted by thepicker-head. As will be explained below, these abutments form one ofseveral devicesdesigned Vto ensure that only one board at a time shallbe removed from each stack. Y

ln order to hold the upper tiers of boards of thestack in properposition cross-wise and lengthwise of the magazine, leaf-springs 93areattached at their lower ends to the side bars 85, said lowerendsbeing about halfway down the side bars; and similar leaf springsv(also `indicated by the numeral 93) VWhen the picker-head engages thetop boards of the stacks to lift them, there is a tendency for twoboards4 to be lifted from each stack; ln'order to ensure that only oneboard shall be lifted fromeach'stack, suckers .and blowers are provided,the former to lift its lille ses EDO

an edge of each top board and the latter to blow beneath the liftededges. Thus there are provided blowers which have their nozzlesrespectively mounted in and extending through short cross-bars 97, 99which are .tast respectively to the bars 88 ol the right-hand magazine(Fig. 3) and to the corresponding bars of the lett-hand magazine. Thenozzles ot the blowers are connected by rubber pipes 101 with a box 102into which leads apressure pipe 103 from an air pump. rllhe blowers thusoperate continuously while the machine is running. rlllhe box 102contains a slide valve 104 but this valve, which is manually operable,has no connection whatever with the blowers, its function being topermit the suction to the picker-head to be broken when desired so thatno boards will be picked up.

The suckers, on the other hand, are operated intern'iittently and areiii-st lifted so as to lift the edges of the boards and then swung awayfrom the stacks oi' boards so as to be out of the path of the topmostboards when said boards are li'jted by the picker-head. The manner inwhich the snel-:ers swung out of the upward path of movement ot theboards will be described lirst. 'll he nozzles 105 of' the suckers aremounted in the upper ends of upright bars 107 which are t. a horizontal.Ushaped member, designated au a whole by the numeral 109. This member isreally made of three parts, two an gie irons adjustably connected bymeans of a short bar which is brazed to one angle iron and adjustablytas tened to the other angle iron by means of a slot 106 and screws 108,the affljustable connection being' for the purpose of spacing the twomagazines dililerent distances apart as may be desired. For he purpose,however, of cxplaining the movement of the suckers, the tlshaped member109 may be consideren as all of one piece. The short` legs of' thisU-shaped member are pivoled respectfully to ltwo arms 111, 113 which are.sul'istantially alike, the arm 1123 being shown in ,tull in Fig. 2.'lhis arm is pivoted at 117 to one leg of the lul-shaped member 109 andat 115 to a stationary part 01"' the machine. 1t has at its upperlett-hand end a flange 119, the corresponding flange ot the arm 111being indicated at 121 in Fig. 3. The upper edges of the legs ot theU-shaped member 109 are beveled, s shown best in dotted lines in Fig. 2,to permit the U-shaped member to rock in a coniiter-clockwise directionabout the common axis of the pivot 117 and the corresponding pivot (notshown) at the other side ot the magazines when, as will be explained.the outer ends ot the arms 111, 113 are swung up to cause the suckers(alter they have been lifted by mechanism presently to be described) toswing out of the path of upward movement ot the topmost boards. The arms111 and 113 are normally held down yieldingly by Springs, the one whichholds the arm 113 being indicated at 118 (Fig. 2).

rThis spring has its middle portion extending around the stem oit astationary screw, one end of the spring resting upon a stationary partof the machine, and the other end resting upon the flange 119 of the arm113.

In order to swing the arms 111, 113 upward, each arm has in its outerend a pin, the one in the arm 11? being shown at 123 beneath whichextend pins 127 (1*`ig.2) and128 (Fig. carried by a rock-shaft 125 Thisrock-shaft is mou ted in bearings in stationary plates 129; a nd,rotatable in bearings in the same plates, is a second rock-shaft 151Near one end ol the rock-shaft 125 (Fig. Il) is fastened a linger 133;and near the corresponding end ot the rock-shaft 131 is fastened alinger 135, the linger 135 overlying the linger 133 so that, when therock-shaft 131 is rocked in a direction to swing the linger 133 down,the rockshat't will be rocked in the opposite directioncounter-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 2. When this occurs, the pins 127,128 on the rock-shaft 125 li ft the outer ends ot' the arms 11?, 111 andat the saine time an arm 137, which depends from the rock-shaft, pushesagainst one or the upright bars 107 below the level ot the pivot 117 sothat the suckers are swung about said pivot out of the path of upwardmovement oic the two top boards of the stack. I

The shaft 131 is rocked at the proper time by Contact ot a cam 139,(Fig. l), on the rear pulley with a block 111 pivoted at 1414- on theouter end ot an arm 143 the hub oli which is fast to the rock-shaft 131.Then this arm is swung down, the suckers are swung away from the stacksot boards. rlhc pulley 34, as has been explained, rotates first in onedirection and then in the other so that the cam 139 lirst moves up pastthe block (as shown in F ig. 1) and then down, in which latter movementit depresses the arm 1413 and rocks the shaft 131. Because oi thismovement ot the cam 139, the block 141 has a yoke at its rear end whichstraddles the flattened outer end olf the arm 143, the pivot 1114s pzssing through the arms of the yoke and the flattened outer end ot thearm. rhe rear ends of the arms ot the yoke are beveled, as shown best inFig. il, and contact with inclined shoulders formed at the junction ofthe round portion of the arm 1&3 with the llattened outer portion. Thelock 1411 can thus rock upward about the pivot 11st but cannot rockdownward. A tension spring 145, tast at one end to the block and havingits other end extending over the arm 113, holds the block normally inthe position shown.

The mechanism which has just been described serves to swing the suckersout of the path of upward movement of the topmost boards of the stacks,this swinging away being timed to occur after the picker-head hasstarted to litt said boards. Before, however, the suckers are thusswung, they are 'sie fas

tube 155V leads to va Vlifted so as to `lift theedges ofthe top-mostboards. This is accomplished (Figs. 2 and3) by pushing up the Abars 107in which theV 1 of a Ufshaped swinging member 149, the arms of which arepivoted to a stationary part of the machine about alined pivots, one ofwhich is shown at 150. The U-shaped member v149 is swung up by' an arm152 pivoted to astaticnary part of themachine at 154., the upper outerend of the arm resting against the under side of the'cross-bar of the U-shaped member. This'arm 152 is normally in its lowered position, beingsupported by a finger 156 which engagesa beveled surface on Athe underside of the outer end of the arm. This linger is fastened bysc'rews158to the outer end of a slide bar160 so that, when the bar is moved to theright as viewed in Fig. 2, he arm 152 swingsup carrying with ittheU-shaped member 149 which in turn lifts the bars 107 .and consequentlythe suckers. It is not until these movementshave taken place and thesuckers have lifted theedges of the topmostboards of the stacks that therock-shaft 125'lifts theouter ends of the varms 113, 111 tocause'thesuckers to swing away from the stacks about the axis of thepivot 117 in the manner which has been described. The slide bar-160 isan extension of a rackbar, shown and described in theLetters, Patentreferred to, through which the pickerhead shaft 49 is caused tooscillate.V L

The suckers are connected by rubber tubes 151 Vwith a union 153,fron'owhiclrar rubber valvefboX 162 (Fig. ,7) `from. which air isexhausted through a pipe 164. The stem 166 of thevalve (not shown) whichcontrols thev operation of the suckers is` held up by a spring 168 andis located beneath the outer end of `a rocker-arm 170 so that, when therockerearmdepresses the valve, vacuum is produced in the sucker nozzles.The rocker-arm 170 Vis identical with the Vcorresponding arm of thepatented machine and serves,as will presentlybe eX- plained, to operatepart of the folding mechanism.

It is desirable that 'the tops of the stacks of beards, from which thepicker-head ies successive pairs of boards', shall be al- Y ways atsubstantially the sanielevel when the picker-head descends upon them. Tothis end the rod. 63 is held against upward movement, inthe position ofparts shown in Fig.V 2, bythe pawl V71 whichengages teeth formed on therod. This p'awl is pivoted Vat 75 to a stationary part ofthe machine andhas atail `adapted to be engaged and lifted at the Uropcr times bymovement of a leve'r`77 the stacks of boards,

Valso pivoted toaJ stationary part ofthe machine. This lever isswungabout its pivot rby downward movement -of ayertical .rod 7 9 whichis slidable in bearings in a station-f ary part of the machine and'hasat its upper end an armSO from the outer'. end'of which a pin 82projects upwardly. When y the picker-head moves down to pick up twoboards, the arm 47, by which 'the head is carried, strikes the pin82fandthrows'out the pawl. This does not take place, however, until thepickerwheadin its downward movement has depressed the stacks a shortdistance. When the picer-head rises the pawl '71 againengages one ofthe'teeth 7 3 and thus arrests: further upward movement of the stacks ofboards by the spring 67.V The level `at whichthe tops ofthe stacks `arenormally maintained by the pawl 71`may vary, of

course, by about the distance between two adjacent teeth 73 but shouldnever vary more than that. These teeth, inv the illustrated machine, areone sixteenth of an inch apart and in most cases will be farther apartthan the thickness of one of the boards. -Boards 'commonly used forflexible book cases are often, asV has been stated, about tenthousandths :of Van inchl in thickness. Assuming for convenience thattheir thickness is twelve and one-half thousandths of an inch, thenVlive of them have a combined thickness of one-sixteenth *of anvinch. Insuch case the pawl should engage the same tooth on the rod'63 during theremoval of the firstive boards from the tops of the stacks and shouldthen engage the next lower tooth so as to permitthe tops of the stacksto return to their original 4level andrso on. i In this way the levelofthe tops'of the stacks is main'g 'tained uniform within a one-sixteenthinch possible variation 'or within a possible variation'wliich dependsupon how line the,v teeth 73 are made.` v

The picker-head moves rapidly down upon e unlocks the pawl 71,vdepresses thestacks and then rises quickly,

`the pawl 71 becoming effectiveV again during the upward movement of thepicker-head, as has been explained above.. It may happen, owing to thequick upward movement of the rod 63, that the pawl 71 engages the teethalittle too late and consequently permits the tops of the stacks to risetoa little toohigh a level. In order to correct his errer, if itdoesoccur, and to ensure that the tops of the stacks are at the desiredlevel when the picker-head Vdescends upon them, there 'is provided apusher 163 which engages the Vtop of the boards of one of the 4magazines(Figs. 2 and 3),` beforethe picker-headreturns for another board, andpushesthe stack down if it isftoo high, intoa' position slightly belowthe desiredlevel. VAnd, inasmuchas the two stacks are'supported upon thesame plate 61, they, of course, 'move down together. If now the pawl 71'(Fig. 2) is in engagement with a tooth lower down upon the rod than itshould engage, the proper tooth is brought into engagement with it. Toprovide for effecting the desired operation of the pusher 163, it isfast to the outer end of an arm 167, the inner end of which is fast tothe lower portion of a substantially upright curvedlever 171 pivoted atits lower end to a stationary part of the machine, the pusher beingnormally held up in inoperativeposition by a leaf spring 175 fastened atone end to a. stationary part of the machine and having its free endextending be neath the arm 167, said arm being swung downwardly todepress the stacks of boards when the picker-head is 180 degrees fromthe position shown and is moving down between the bars of the foldingmechanism. The curved lever 171, by which the arm 167 and the pusher'163are carried, is swung to the left by a part of certain mechanism forpreventing overthrow of the picker-head when it swings from the stacksof boards to the folding mechanism and back again. Fastened to the topof the shaft 49, which carries the picked-head, is a cylindrical member177 (Figs. 1 and 2) in a peripheral groove of which is located afriction band 179. Fast to this band is a horizontal arm 181 the outerend of which carries a roll 183, said roll eX- tending into a verticalslot in a stationary upright bar 185. The upright lever 171 is heldagainst the horizontal arm 181 by the leaf-spring 175 which has beendescribed above. 1t will be evident that, when the pieler-head movesdown, the arm 181 will swing the arm 171 more or less to the left,depending upon how far the picker-head moves down. lVhen the picker-headmoves down upon the stacks of boards (see Fig. 2) the movement does notcontinue down far enough to cause the pusher 163 to become operative.lvhem'however, the picker-head has been swung 180 degrees and moves downin the locality of the folding mechanism, it moves down much fartherand, at that time, the upright lever 171 is swung far enough to the leftto cause the pusher to engage the top of the right-hand stack and pushthe stacks down. The pusher, as has been eX- plained, always carries thetops of the stacks down to a level just slightly below the desired oneso as to ensure that the pawl 71 shall Vengage the proper one of theteeth 73 if it has not already done so.

Before proceeding to a description of the rest of the machine. the modeof operation of the mechanisms which have been described will be brieflyreviewed, and the timing of the various operations with respect to eachother indicated.

Assuming that a cover has been folded over the boards, the picker-headrises, swings 180 degrees and comes down upon the stacks of boards, asshown in Fig. 2. In this position of parts the picker-head is movingdown and still has a short distance to go. As it moves down, the arm 47engages the pin 82 and throws out the pawl 71. pushes the stacks alittle farther down and then starts to move up so that the pawl 71 ispresently permitted to engage one of the teeth 73. Usually it willengage the proper tooth; but in ease the upward rebound of the rod 63due to the spring G7 is too rapid, the pawl may engage, for example, thetooth below the proper one so that the tops of the stacks are slightlytoo high. 1n such case, the stacks are pushed down by the pusher 163 tothe proper level and the proper tooth is engaged by the pawl when thepicker-head is acting in conjunction with the folding mechanism in aposition 180 degrees 'from that shown in Fig. 2.

Returning now to a `consideration of the action of the suckers andblowers which cooperate with the picker-head, during the downwardmovement of the picker-head the suckers are rendered operative to seizethe two top boards near one of their edges and are lifted by means ofthe Ll-shaped member 149 the arm 152 and the finger 15G which moves tothe right. The blowers, it vill be remembered, are blowing continuousljvand at this time blow under the lifted edges of the two top boards. Fig.2 shows the parts ofthe machine in this position, the hold-down 287presently to be described having been s vung inwardly out of the way ofthe suelters. Before the picker-head has risen any considerabledistance, the suction in the suol-:- ers is broken and the shaft 125 isrocked to cause the suckers to swing, about the axis `of the pivot 117,out of the path of movementv of the boards so that the edges of theboards shall not catch on the suckers. When the top boards are lifted bythe picker-head their edges are held down momentarily by the abutments89 (Fig. 3) and the corresponding' abutments at the top of the walls ofthe lefthand magazine, with the result that the boards are buckled; andthis buckling is particularly effective to permit the blowers teseparate two boards, if two boards from one stack have been lifted bythe picker-head. The picker-head now lifts the boards, swin 180 degreesand carries them down to the folding Inechanism.` as will. p esently bedescribed in detail., after which it returns for two more boards.

Inasmuch as the boards are thin and flexible, the machine is providedwith hol d-downs to engage and hold down the margin of ther boardsduring the folding operation, and is also provided with swinging folderswhich perform the folding operation. Referring first to Figs. 5 and 6,the construction and the general mode of operation of one of thehold-downs and one of the folders will be de- The picker-head scribed,the construction and mode of operation of the other hold-downs andfolders being substantially the saine. i When the picker-head 45 placesa pair of boards upon a cover, which then restsupon the coversupport 35,and the picker-head and cover support move down between the bars V37, 39into the field of'action of the folders which are to fold the top andbottomV margins of the cover, the top and bottom margins of the coverare bent up by being pushed down past the folders, one of which is shownat 207 F ig. 5 shows the parts in this position. The picker-head restsupon a board 100, the cover being indicated at 200. The hold-downs arein the form of narrow substantially flat bars,

one of which is shown at203. They are ear-l ried at the lower ends ofarms, one of which is shown at 205, said arms being pivoted at theirupper ends, to the picker-head structure, as will be described, andyieldingly held in their outer positions in which the outer edges of thehold-downs registerV substantiab ly with the edges of the boards. Thefolders, one of which is shown at 207, as has been indicated, arepivoted respectively to the bars 39, 37, and 43 Fig. 7 thelocation ofthe pivot of the folder 207 being indicated by the small cross in 6 towhich the reference numeral 350has been applied. This axis is located ata distance below the bar 39 substa nti ally equal to the thickness fofthe folder actuator bar 209 plus the thickness of the folder 207 and atadistance to the left of the bar 39 substantially equal to the thicknessof the folder 207. In Figs. 5.and 6, the barV 39 and its associatedparts are shownl The folder 207 is swung about its axis into theposition shown in Fig.Y 6 bythe folder acti.- ator liar 209 which ismoved horizontally to the left at the propertime. As the folder 207swings to the left, itpresently contacts with the arms 205, since thedistance from the pivot to the hold-down at that time is less than the.width of the folder, and steadily pushes them, together with thehohl-down., to theleft so that the hold-down gra-dually recedes as thefold is made. With this construction and mode of operation covers may befolded over very thin flexible boards without crumpling the boards orcausing a wavy appearance in the folded edge of the Vcompleted case.

The folding mechanism, aside from theV hold-downs, is like that of thepatented machine except that in the patented construction there are noswinging folders, and the bar 209 and theY others which correspond to itare the folders, whereas in the present construction these bars are theactuators of the swinging folders. Beferringnow more particularly toFigs. 7, 8 and 9, the mounting and actuation of the swinging folder 207will be described. The bar 39 has a groove in its under side in which anarrow bar 211 of the bar 211.

`215 pivotally mounted upon the top of the folder-actuating bar 209. Thebar 211 is reciprocated by means of a rod 217 (Fig.` 7) which vengages ayoke 219 fast to oner Vend This same `rod also engages a yoke 221 whichis fast to a bar like the bar 211 but mounted in the stationary bar 37.The rod 217 is held in the upper end of rocker arms, one being shown at223, which are rocked at the proper time. The folderactuating bary 209has flanged ends,' the iianges of which rest upon short `supportingbarsr225., 227 which have cut-away portions `upon their adjacent upperfaces to receive the flanges at the ends of the folder-actuating bar209. With this construction\vliich is substantially like that of thepatented machine, the folder-actuating bar 209 is moved transversely ofbar 39 when the bar 211 is moved longitudinally due to the diagonalslots 213 in the bar 211 andthe small' blocks 215 carried by the bar209. Theswinging folder 207 has pivots at its endswh-ich are received inbearings in the outer ends of short plates 229, 231 which are fastenedto the under sides respectively of the bars 225,

227. A spring 2 33, fastened at one end to the plate 231 and engagingthe under side of the folder207, tends at all times to swing the folderup against the edgeof the bar 39- into a substantially uprightVposition,` as shown in Fig. 7, at which time pins `235, located at theedge of the folder are received in holes 236 formedin the edge of thebar.

The" purpose of the pins is to avoid a possii 'i Y ble `position ofparts in which parts of the machine might be broken. After the top and`bottom margins of the cover have been folded and the parts are in theposition shown in Fig. 6, the picker-head, as in the patented machine,is raised slightly to permit the cover support 35 to be raised to pressthe fold against the under face ofthe folder. If the pins were notpresent, the hold-downs might swing over thefolder, in which case, whenthe pickerehead moved down again, the folders or the hold-downs would bebroken.

It is believed to be unnecessary to explain theconstruction and mountingof the other three swinging folders which are carried respectively bythe bars 37, 41 and 43 since said constructionv and mounting is the sameas that of the swinging folder 207. In Fig. 7 the swinging folder of thebar 37 is indi'- cated at 237 andthatof the bar 41 at 238.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 4, the hold-downs are carried,as has been explained, by the picker-head. there is fastened, one toeach side of the picker-head arm 47 two U-shaped members 253, 255. `Arod 257 extends'. through the ends of the legs of `these members `andthrough the arm 47. Fastened to the bases To this end,

of the U-shaped members 253, 255 respectively are two more U-sliapedmembers 259, 260; and a rod 261, like the rod 257, extends through theouter ends of the legs o these members. rEhe near ends ot the rods, asviewed in Fig. 1, have adjustably fastened to them collars 263, 265 intowhich are threaded the opposite ends of a cross-rod 267 and the ends ofthe rods 257, 261 carry, in a similar manner, a cross-rod 269. The :tourrods thus form a rectangular traine which is rigid with the picker-head.

rThere a re two alined hohl-downs adjacent to the bar 39, one ot whichis shown at 203, two alined hold-downs 271, 273 adjacent t0 the bar 37,one hold-down 275 adjacent to the bar #13, and one hold-down 277(Fig. 1) which is vadjacent to the bar 41 when the parts of the machineare in the positions shown in Fig. 4. The hold-down 203 is fast to thelower ends ol curved arms 205 which are integral at their upper endswith a cross bar 279, the arms and the cross-bar forming a yoke. Thisyoke member is rotatable on the rod 261 and has integral with it anupstanding; arm 281. The opposite hold-down 271 is mounted on the rod257 in the same manner as the hold-down 205 is mounted upon the rod 257;and the yoke 232 of the hold-down 271 has an upstanding arm 233 which isconnected with the arm 281 by a tension spring 235. These two hold-downs203, 271, are thus normally held yieldingly in their outermostpositions, said positions beingv determined by contact of the under sideof the cross-bar 279 with the top of the member 259 and by contact ofthe under side of the cross-bar 232 with the top of the member 253. Thehold-down 273 and the hold-down 287 (Fig. 1) opposite to it are mountedin the same manner as are the hold-downs 271, 203 which have just beendescribed; and the upright arms 289, 291, which correspond to theupright arms 233, 231, are connected by a tension spring 293, whichcorresponds to the tension spring- 235. The two alined holddowns 203,237 on the one hand and the two alined hold-downs 271, 273 on the otherengage respectively the top and the bottom of the boards during: thefolding operation. The hold-down 275, which engages a side margin of oneoli the boards, is tast to the lower ends of the arms of a yoke 295,which is rotatable upon the rod 267. The cross-bar of the yoke 295 hasfast to it an angle iron 297, the upright arm of which is connected by atension spring 299 with a similar upright arm ot a similar angle iron301. the latter angle iron being tast to the cross-bar of a yoke 303rotatable upon the rod 269 and having;F fast to the lower ends of itsarms the hold-down 277. lt will be observed that the rod 267. whichcarries the hold-down 275, may be adjusted bodily by loosening` thesetscrews (not shown) which hold the collars 263, 265 on the rods 257,261 and sliding the collars along,` the rods; and the rod 269 whichcarries the other side-hold-down may be sinnlarly adjusted. In order topermit a line adjustment of the hold-down 275 about the rod 267 aset-screw 304 is threaded through the tail of the angle iron 297 andcontacts with the member 253. A set-screw 306 furnishes means foradjusting;` the position ot the opposite hold-down, and furthersetscrews may be provided, it desired, for the top and bottom holddowns.

`When the picker-head is swung over the stacks of boards, as shown inFig. 1, the holddowns 203, 287 are each above one oi the suckers andmust be swung in betore the picker-head is brought down upon the stacks.To this end the long,V arm of' an angle iron 305 has a small,horizontally projecting flange 307 (Fig. 4;) which is fastened by screws309 to the top of the yoke which carries the hold-down 237 (Fig. 1), thelong arm ot the angle iron being` thus in contact with the inner edgesof the upright arms 281, 291. Then now the picker-head moves down fromthe position shown in Fig. 1, the end of the short arm of the angle iron305 contacts with the top of stop 311 carried by the frame of themachine and is rocked upwardly about the axis of the rod 261, whereuponthe alined hold-downs 203, 237 are swung in and thus do not contact withthe suckers when the picker-head moves farther down. After the suckershave performed their function and the picker-head rises, the angle iron305 is lifted from the stop 311, and the hold-downs resume their properposition with their outer edges in register with the edges of theboards. 1

It has been explained above that, after the folding; operation has beencompleted, an ejector 51 (Fig. 1) delivers the folded cover to a novelpressing device indicated as a whole by the iu'lmeral 53 and shown bestin Fig. 10. The folded cases are delivered between small rolls 313, 315which pass them on into a position between the adjacent runs olf twobelts 317, 319. The belt 317 passes around a. driving;- roll 321, arounda roll 323 and over and under two rolls 325, the roll 323 being'adjustable as shown so as to keep the belt 217 at the proper tension.The belt 319 is mounted in a manner similar to that oi. the belt 317 onthe rolls V327, 329 and 331. rlhe upper presser rolls 325 are mounted instationary bearings carried by a bracket which is part of the trame otthe machine. The lower presser rolls, however, have their bearings inblocks 3f 3 which held up by springs 335. The blocks 333 have at theirlower portions oppositely extendingl flanges having' bores through whichpass downwardly extending; pins 337, the pins being' rigid with themachine rame. The spring' 335 bca r with their upper ends against theunderside of the blocks 333 and atthcir lower endsrest upon washerswhich in turn rest upon nuts1339; With this construction thelowerpre'sser rolls 331 may yield; andthe force with which the cases arepressed maybe Varied by turning the nuts Although the invention has beenset forth as embodied in a particular machine, it

should be understood thatthe invention is ninety degrees,- means forbending the margin not limited in the scope of its application to theparticular machine which has been shown and described. Y Y

Having thus described myv invention, what I cla-im as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States-is: 'i

l. A machine of the class described having,

in combination, a support for apiece of work, an angularly movablefolder having an operative face, the angle between which and the planeof the work support is'normally at least ninety degrees, means'forbending'the margin of the work and causingfit to lie against theoperative face of the folder, and means for swinging the folder about'its axis of angular movement.

2. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a'supportfor a piece of work, an angularlymovable vfolder having .an operativeface, the angle between which and the plane of the work Vsupport isnormally atleast of the work and causing it to lie against the operativeface ofthe folder,- and a folder actuator bar movable substantiallyparallel to the plane of the work support to swing the {folder about itsaxis of angular movement.

3. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor apieceof work,

an angularly movable folder having an operative face, the angle betweenwhich and the plane of the Work support is normally at least ninetydegrees, means for bending the margin of the work and causing it Vto lieagainst the operative face of the folder, and a folder kactuator barmovable substantially parallel to the plane of the work support to swingthe folder about its axis of angular movement, said axis being locatedsubstantially at vthe intersection ofthe plane of the operative face ofthe folder when said face is at right angles to the work support, andaplaneparallel tol the lower face ofthev actuator bar and` spacedV belowsaid lower faceva distance substantially equal to the thickness of thefolder.l

4. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor a pieceof work the margin of which is -tobe folded over the bodyportion thereof,` a hold-down for engaging the work along the desiredline,

of fold, means including the hold-down for bending the margin upwardly,an angu-` larly movable folder, andmeans for causing the folder to beswungabout its aXisof an-v gularmovement to lay the margin over-.theV Fbody portion of the workand thehold-down i to be moved out of the pathof movement of the folder during thefolding operation.

Y 5'. Amachine of-the class described hav-rV ing, in combination, asupport for a piece,`

of work the margin l'of which is to be folded over the body portionthereof, means for bending the margin into a substantially up#` rightposition, an angularly movable folder, a hold-'down for engaging thework along the desired line of fold, and means for swinging the folderabout its aXis o fangular movement to lay the margin over upon the bodyportion of the work and for'movingthe hold-down out of the path ofmovement ofthe folder.

V(-A .machine :for folding the margin of the cover of'a book case overtheboards there of having, in combination, a support for the book case,a hold-down adapted to engage'v the margin of a`board,-apivoted folder,and" means for swinging the' folder about its pivot to fold the marginof the cover 'over the margin of the board, the folderduring itsswinging movement engaging the hold-downand pushing vit out of the pathof themargin of 1 the cover as it is being folded.

ica

boards of aV book case, hold-'downs adapted to engage opposed margins ofthe boards, pivoted folders, -andimeans for swinging the; folders about`their pivots to fold vsaid margins of the coverover the boards, saidfolders acting to move the hold-downs progressively away from theedgesof the boards.`

9. VA machine of the class described'having, i

, in combination, a support for a pieceof wor a margin of which is to befolded over the body portion thereof, a hold-down'adapted-to engage thework along the desired lineA of fold, an angularly movable folder, andmeans for swingingthe folder toward the hold-down about its axis ofangular movement, said axisi being located at `a distance from` the.hold-vv down less than the width of the folder whereby the swingingfolder contacts with the holddown and moves it out from beneath themargin of the work. f

, l0. A machine of the class described havjing, in combination, asupport for the cover and boards of a bookcase, hold-downs 'adapt- Vedto engage'opposed margins of the boards, 'folders ffor bending saidmargins of the cover 'over the edges of `the boards, pivots about whichtlie folders may swing, and means for ing folders contact with thehold-downs and move them out from beneath the margin of the cover.

11. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor the cover and boards of a book case, said support being movable in asubstantially rectangular opening in the machine, normally uprightpivoted folders forming part of the walls of the opening, means forforcing into the opening a book case the cover of which is larger thanthe opening whereby the n'iargin of the coveris bent upwardly againstthe faces of the folders, and means fory swinging the folders abouttheir pivots to fold the margin of the cover over the boards.

12. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor the cover and boards of a bool; case, said support being movable ina substantially rectangular opening in the machine, normally uprightpivoted folders forming part of the walls of the opening, means forforcing into the opening a book case the cover of which is larger thanthe opening whereby the margin ofthe cover is bent upwardly against thefaces of the folders, hold-downs carried by the forcing means andadapted vto engage the margins of the boards, and means for swinging thefolders about their pivots to feld the margin of the cover over theboards, and for moving the hold-downs away from the edges of the boards.

13. A machine for making book cases having, in combination, a coversupport, means for placing a cover upon said support, means for placingboards upon the cover andv for moving the support to and causing it toremain for an interval at each oftwo different levels, a pair of folderslocated at each of the two levels and angularly movable about axessubstantially parallel to the adjacent edges of the boards, and meansfor swinging the folders about their axes to fold the margin of thecover over the boards.

14:. A machine for mal-:ing book cases having, in combination, a framehaving an opening therein, a movable cover support located in theopening, means for applying adhesive to a cover and for placing thecover upon the support, means for placing boards upon the cover and forforcing the cover and boards into the opening whereby the margin of thecover is bent upward, pivoted folders ar ranged at different levels inthe opening, means for moving the' cover and boards to said levels, andmeans for swinging the folders about their pivots to fold the margin ofthe cover over the'boards.

15. A .machineof the class described havi ing, in combination, a supportforthe cover and boar-ds of a book case, a folder, a pickerhead forplacing the boards on the cover and for holding the boards and coveragainst the down for engaging a margin of a board, and means forpivotally mounting the hold-down on the picker-head. y

16. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor the lcover and boards of a book case, folding mechanism, apicker-head for placing the boards on the cov-er and for holding theboards and cover against the support during the operation of the foldingmechanism, hold-downs for engaging opposed margins of the boards duringthe folding operation, and means for pivotally mounting the hold-downson the pickerhead.

17. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor the cover and boards of a book case, there being a substantiallyrectangular opening' in the frame of the machine to receive the support,aivofed folders arranged in said opening, means for moving the boardsand cover into the field of action of the folders,'and reciprocatingactuators for engaging the folders and swinging them about their pivots.

18. A machine ofthe classydescribed having, in combination,mechanislnfor folding' a cover over a board,a support for a board, apicker-head, means for causing the pickerhead to descend upon theboardand to lift it and transfer it to a cover, a lifter adapted to extendover the margin of the board and to co-operate with the picker-head in'lifting the board, a member carried by the pickerhead and adapted toengage the margin of the board during the folding operation, andmeansfor moving the member into a position to permit itto pass by the lifterwhen the picker-head descends upon thc board.

v 19. A machine of the class describedhaving, in combination, mechanismfor folding a cover over a board, a support for a board,

by the sucker when the picker-head descends upon the board.

20. 'A machine of the class described having,A in' combination,foldingmechanism adapted to receive a covei-a support for a stach of boards, apicker-head, means for causing the picker-head to approach the stackremove a board therefrom and transfer it to the cover, a lifter adaptedto engage the support during the folding operation, a hold- Lesa-ieuawayfrom the stack lto ensure the removal ing, in combination, folding`mechanism,a support for 'a stack of boards, a7 feeder adaptof one boardonly bythe picker-head, a holddown mounted on the picker-headandnormally held in position to engage said margin ofthe board,and'meansv for vmoving the hold- .downY out of the way of the lifterwhenthe picker-head approaches the stack. Y

2l.` A machine of the class described having, in combination, foldingmechanism adapted to receive a cover, a supportlfor a stackw'of` boards,a picker-head, means for causing-the picker-head to descend upon the topofthe stack and to transfer aboard from ;the stack to the cover, asuckernormally located above the stack and adapted to lift up the edge of thetop `board to ensure the removal of only one boardat a time bythepicker-head, a hold-down mounted on the i picker-head and adaptedtoengagesaid margin of the board during the folding operation in thesaine Vlocality in whichrit was engaged by the sucker, and means formoving the holddown Vout of the way lof the sucker when the picker-headdescends upon the stackof boards.r Y

22. A vmachine of the classdescribed hav-V ing, in combination, folding`mechanism adapted Vto receive a'cover, a support for a lstack ofboards,` a picker-head, means-for cated above the margin of the board, aholda down adapted to engage the margin of` the board during thefolding-operation, said hold- .1

down being pivotally. mountedon the pickerhead, a member .carried bythepicker-head,

movementof which swingsthe hold-downv :I about its pivot, and a stoplocated adjacent to the support forrthe `sta'cltin position-to engageand movesaid memberlwhen-the picker.- head descends.l v A 23; A machine`of the class-described having, Iin combination, folding mechanism, a

support fora stack of-boards, alsuctionfeeder adapted to remove a boardfrom the stack and transfer it to the folding mechanism, a Vsucker forholding upan edge ofthe board tofacili-v i tateits removal fromk thestack, and a blower for directing aV blast of'air between the board i f1 .Y Y. the extent of such movement and thereby deand the stack.

24. A machine of vclass described haved to removea board from one endlofthe stack and'transfer lit to the `folding"mechanism, a sucker normallyresting againstfthc margin .ofthe end board, vmeans Vfor moving thesuckerlto cause it to hold the margin of the board away from the stackat the time of and means acting `during the ymovement of sucker .awayfrom the feeder. Y

,25. A machine` of the class described having, in combination, foldingmechanism, Va supportfor a stack of boards,ga feeder adaptedf toapproach the stack, to engage the .top board thereof,to lift the boardand to transfer it to the folding mechanism, a lifter for holding up themargin of the board at a time when the feeder is in engagement with it,and means-for moving the lifter to one side during the rise of thefeeder.

c 26. Almachine of theclass described having, in combination,foldingmechanism, a support vfor a stackof boards, a feeder adapted to`approach the stack, to engage an end board thereof, to move the boardaway from the stack and to transfer it to the folding mechanism, meansfor engaging a margin of the' feeder away from the stack to move ththeboard `andbending it away from the stack adapted to receive a cover,a support fora Y stack of boards, means tending to move said supportupwardly, a toothed member connected to the support, a pawl normally inengagement with the toothedmember to determine the level of the top ofthe stack, said level being above that of the folding mechanism, afeeder movable to engage the topmost board of the stack, to push thestack down, to f rise and carry the board into position above thefolding mechanism, to lower the board uponl the cover, to move down topresent the cover to the folding mechanism and to rise again, means forrendering the pawl inopera-` tive when the stack is being pushed down bythe feeder and for 'rendering it operative when the stack is rising,randmeans for depressing the'stacka second time and permitting'it to riseagain when the rfeeder is moving down and up in the locality of thefolding mechanism.

- 28.` A machine of the class described having, in combination, foldingmechanism, a support for a stack of boards, a spring tending at alltimes to move said supportupwardly, a pawl normallyoperative forlimiting termining the level of the top of the stack,

a feeder adapted to engage the topmostboard of the Stack,to press thestaclrdown and to rise and'transfer said board to the folding mechanism,andV means for rendering the pawl Vinoperative during the downwardmovement ofthe stack and for rendering it Operative again stack. Y

' 294A machine'of the 'class described hav-- during the upward movementofthe ing, in combination, av support'forthe stack of blanks, meanstending to move said support Vupwa-rdly,=a` locking membernormally :en-

gaging the support to limit the exent of its upward movement, a feederadapted first to push the stack down and then to rise and carry away thetopmost blank of the stack, and means for disengaging the locking memberfrom the support and for permitting it to engage the support againduring the movements of the stack.

30. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor a stack of blanks, yielding means tending at all times to move saidsupport upwardly, a locking member normally engaging the support tolimit the extent of its upward movement, a

" feeder adapted first to push the stack down and then to rise and carryaway the topmost blank of the stack, means for disengaging the lockingmember from the support and for permitting it to engage the supportagain during the movements of the stack, and means for pushing the stackdown a second time before the feeder returns for a second blank.

.31. A machine of the class described havmg, in combination, a. supportfor a. stack "of blanks, a spring tending at all times to move saidsupport upwardly, a toothed member connected to the support, a pawlnormally in engagement with the toothed meinber to determine the levelof the top of the stack, a feeder adapted to engage the topinost blankof the stack to push the stack down and to rise and carry away saidblank, and means operating during the downward movement of the feederfor rendering the pawl inopera- I tive and during the upward movement ofsaid feeder for rendering the pawl operative.

32. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor a stack of blanks, a spring tending at all times to move saidsupport upwardly, a toothed inember connected to the support, a pawlnormally in engagement with the toothed member to determine the level ofthe top of the stack, a feeder adapted to engage the topmost i blank ofthe stack to push the stack down and to rise and carry away said blank,means operating during the downward movement of the feeder for renderingthe pawl inoperative and during the upward movement of said feeder forrendering the pawl operative, and

means for pushing the stack down a. second time and releasing it beforethe feeder returns for a second blank.

A machine of the class described having, in combination, a. support fora stack of blanks, a spring tending at all times to move said supportupwardly, a toothed member connected to the support, a pawl normally inengagement with the toothed member to preventupward movement of thesupport and thereby determine the level of the top of the stack, afeeder adapted to engage the topmost blank of the stack, to push thestack downward, then to rise and carry away 7 said blank, and a member,movement of which withdraws the pawl from engagement with the toothedmember, said member being located in the downward path of movement ofthe feeder.

34. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor a stack of blanks, means for lifting the topmost blank from thestack, and abutments extending slightly over opposite margins of thetopmost blank whereby said blank is buckled when it is lifted.

35. A machine for folding the margins of the cover of a book case overthe boards thereof having, in combination, a support for the work, afolder angularly movable about an axis parallel to and near the surfaceof the work support, and means for swinging the folder about said axisto fold a margin of the cover over a board.

36. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support'for a piece of work, a folder pivotally movable about an axis parallelto the surface of the work support and spaced therefrom a distance equalto the thickness of the folded work, and means for swinging the folderabout its axis of pivotal movement tofold the margin over the bodyportion of the work.

3T. A machine for folding the margin of the cover of a book case overthe boards thereof having, in combination, a support for thc case, afolder pivotally movable about an axis parallel to the surface of saidsupport and spaced therefrom a thickness equal to the thickness of thecase, means for bending a margin of the cover and causing it to occupy aposition located in the path of movement of the folder, and means forswinging the folder about its axis of pivotal movement.

38. A machine of the class described having, in combination, mechanismfor folding a cover over a board, a support for a board, a picker-head,means for causing the pickerhead to descend upon a board and to lift itand transfer it to a cover, a lifter adapted to extend over a margin ofthe board and to cooperate with the picker-head in lifting the board, amember cairied by the pickerhead and adapted to engage the margin of theboard during the folding operation, and means for producing relativemovement between the lifter and the member such that the lifter will beout of the path of the descen din g member.

39. A machine ofthe class described having, in combination, foldingmechanism adapted to receive a cover, a. support for a stack of boards,a picker-head, means for causing the picker-head to descend upon the topof the stack and to transfer a board from the stack to the cover, alifter adapted to engage a. margin of a board of the stack, a holddowncarried by the picker-head and adapted to engage the margin of the boardduring lSO the folding operation,

its upward movement, a feeder adapted to remove the blanks one by onefrom the top of the stack, and means for disengaging the locking memberfrom its support and 'for permitting it to engage the support againduring each complete movementof the feeder. Y

-ll. A machine of the classl described having, in combination, a supportfor a stack of blanks, means tendingto move said support upwardly,locking means normally engaging the support to limit the extent of itsupward movement, a feeder adapted first to move down into operativerelation lto the topmost blank of the stack and then to rise and carryaway said topmost blank, and means for disengaging thev locking meansfrom the support and for permitting it to engage the support againduring the movements of the feeder toward and from the stack.

A machine of the class described having, in combination, asupport for astack of blanks, yielding means tending to move said support upwardly,locking means normally engaging the support to limit the extent of itsupward movement, a feeder adapted first to move down into operativerelation to the topmost blank of the stack and then to rise and carryaway said topmost blank, and means for disengaging the locking meansfrom the support and for permitting it to engage the support againduring the movements of the feeder toward and from the stack.

43. A machine of the classdescribed having, in combination, a supportfor a stack of blanks, means tendingrto move said support upwardly,locking rmeans normally engaging the support to limit the extent of itsupward movement, a suction feeder adapted first to move down intooperative relation to the topmost blank of the stack and then to riseand carry away vsaid topmost blank, and means for disengaging the lock-Ving means from the support and for permitting to it to engage thesupportv again during the movements of the feeder' toward and from thestack.

44. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a'supportfor a stack of blanks, means tending to move said support upwardly,locking means normally engaging the supp-ort to limit the extent of itsupward movement, a feeder, means for h Y a member carried by thepicker-head, movement of which moves the hold-down inwardly of thepicker-head,

tra

lmoving said; feeder down to engage'the topmost blankof the stack andthenup tocarry away said blank, andfmeansoperating `during thedownwardmovement of the feeder to disengage the lockin'g'imea'ns"from` the;

support and during the 4upward movement of the feeder to reengage thelocking means with the support.

45'. A machine of the ine, of blanks, means tending to move said supportupwardly, locking means normally engaging the support to limit theextent of its upward movement, a suction feeder, means for moving saidfeeder down to engage the topmost blank of the stack and then up tocarry away said blank, and means operating during the downwardA movementof the feeder to disengage the locking means from class described havthesupport and during the upward move-f` y ment of the feeder to reengagethe locking means with the support.

46. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a supportfor a stack of blanks, means tending tomove. said sup-` port upwardly,locking means normally engaging the support to limit the extent ofits iupward movement, a fixed abutment overhanging the top of the stack andthereby providing a limit above which the top of the.

stack cannot rise, a. blower for directing a blast of air against theedges of the upper blanks ofthe stack, a feeder adapted first to movedown into operative relation to the topmost blank of the stack and thento risei and carry away said topmost blank, and means for disengagingthe locking means from the support during the downward movement of thefeeder and for reengaging the locking means with the support during .slthe upward-movement of the feeder.

47. A machine of the class described having in combination, a supportfor a stack of blanks, means tendin-g to move said support upwardly, thesupport to limit the extent of its upwar movement, a fixed abutmentoverhanging the top of the stack and thereby providing a limit abovewhich the top of the stack cannot rise, a blower for directing a blastof-A air against the edges of the upper blanks of the stack, a suckerfor lifting a margin of the topmost blank of the stack, a feeder adaptedfirst to movek down into operative relation to the topmost blank ofthestack".

and then to rise and carry away said topmost blank, and means fordisengaging the locking` means from the support during the downwardmovement of the feeder andfor reengaging the locking means with thesup-1" port during the upward movement of the feeder. t

48. A machine for folding the margins of the cover of a book case overthe boards thereof having, in combination, a support for the`Vinfcomb'inatioma support for a stackY locking means normally engaging`:eo Y

Work, a slidingly adjustable folder Supporting member, a folder carriedby said member, Said folder being angularly movable about a horizontalaxis, and means for swinging the folder about said axis to fold a marginof the cover over a board.

In testimony whereof I have. signed my name to this specification.

WALTER STEINMANN.

